To solve this problem, we need to determine the number of fake packages based on specific criteria. A package is considered fake if its weight is less than 100 grams and its price is more than $50. The solution involves iterating through each product in the given list and checking these conditions.

1. Problem Analysis: The task is to count the number of products that meet the criteria for being fake packages. Each product is represented as a tuple containing the product name, weight (in grams), and price (in dollars).
2. Key Insight: A package is fake if both conditions are satisfied simultaneously:
   • Weight < 100 grams
   • Price > $50
3. Algorithm Selection: We will iterate through each product in the list, check the conditions, and increment a counter whenever both conditions are met.
4. Complexity Analysis: The solution involves a single pass through the list of products, resulting in a time complexity of O(n), where n is the number of products. This is optimal for the given problem.

Solution Code

def count_fake_packages(products):
    count = 0
    for product in products:
        name, weight, price = product
        if weight < 100 and price > 50:
            count += 1
    return count

Explanation

1. Initialization: A counter count is initialized to zero to keep track of the number of fake packages.
2. Iteration: For each product in the input list, the product details (name, weight, price) are unpacked from the tuple.
3. Condition Check: The weight and price of each product are checked against the criteria (weight < 100 and price > 50). If both conditions are satisfied, the counter is incremented.
4. Result: After processing all products, the counter count is returned, representing the total number of fake packages.

This approach efficiently checks each product against the given criteria and counts the fake packages in linear time, making it both optimal and straightforward.